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string.h
#ifndef RUBY_INTERNAL_ENCODING_STRING_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/ #define RUBY_INTERNAL_ENCODING_STRING_H /** * @file * @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org> * @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby. * Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or * modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the * file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details. * @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are * implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could * rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file * is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist * at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere * anytime at will. * @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly * recursively included from extension libraries written in C++. * Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available. * We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of * extension libraries. They could be written in C++98. * @brief Routines to manipulate encodings of strings. */ #include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h" #include "ruby/internal/value.h" #include "ruby/internal/encoding/encoding.h" #include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h" #include "ruby/internal/intern/string.h" /* rbimpl_strlen */ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN() /** * Identical to rb_str_new(), except it additionally takes an encoding. * * @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length. * @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the * terminating NUL character. * @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`. * @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes. * @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative. * @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of `enc` * encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`. * @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be * accessible via `ptr`. * @note `enc` can be a null pointer. It can also be seen as a routine * identical to rb_usascii_str_new() then. */ VALUE rb_enc_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc); RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1)) /** * Identical to rb_enc_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a * pointer to a C string. It can also be seen as a routine identical to * rb_str_new_cstr(), except it additionally takes an encoding. * * @param[in] ptr A C string. * @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`. * @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory. * @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `enc` encoding, whose contents * are verbatim copy of `ptr`. * @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer. * @pre Because `ptr` is a C string it makes no sense for `enc` to be * something like UTF-32. * @note `enc` can be a null pointer. It can also be seen as a routine * identical to rb_usascii_str_new_cstr() then. */ VALUE rb_enc_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Identical to rb_enc_str_new(), except it takes a C string literal. It can * also be seen as a routine identical to rb_str_new_static(), except it * additionally takes an encoding. * * @param[in] ptr A C string literal. * @param[in] len `strlen(ptr)`. * @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`. * @exception rb_eArgError `len` out of range of `size_t`. * @pre `ptr` must be a C string constant. * @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `enc` encoding, whose backend * storage is the passed C string literal. * @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often * immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this * function be read-only. * @note `enc` can be a null pointer. It can also be seen as a routine * identical to rb_usascii_str_new_static() then. */ VALUE rb_enc_str_new_static(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Identical to rb_enc_str_new(), except it returns a "f"string. It can also * be seen as a routine identical to rb_interned_str(), except it additionally * takes an encoding. * * @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length. * @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the * terminating NUL character. * @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`. * @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative. * @return A found or created instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes * length, of `enc` encoding, whose contents are identical to that * of `ptr`. * @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be * accessible via `ptr`. * @note `enc` can be a null pointer. */ VALUE rb_enc_interned_str(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc); RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1)) /** * Identical to rb_enc_str_new_cstr(), except it returns a "f"string. It can * also be seen as a routine identical to rb_interned_str_cstr(), except it * additionally takes an encoding. * * @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length. * @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`. * @return A found or created instance of ::rb_cString of `enc` encoding, * whose contents are identical to that of `ptr`. * @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be * accessible via `ptr`. * @note `enc` can be a null pointer. */ VALUE rb_enc_interned_str_cstr(const char *ptr, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Counts the number of characters of the passed string, according to the * passed encoding. This has to be complicated. The passed string could be * invalid and/or broken. This routine would scan from the beginning til the * end, byte by byte, to seek out character boundaries. Could be super slow. * * @param[in] head Leftmost pointer to the string. * @param[in] tail Rightmost pointer to the string. * @param[in] enc Encoding of the string. * @return Number of characters exist in `head` .. `tail`. The definition * of "character" depends on the passed `enc`. */ long rb_enc_strlen(const char *head, const char *tail, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Queries the n-th character. Like rb_enc_strlen() this function can be fast * or slow depending on the contents. Don't expect characters to be uniformly * distributed across the entire string. * * @param[in] head Leftmost pointer to the string. * @param[in] tail Rightmost pointer to the string. * @param[in] nth Requested index of characters. * @param[in] enc Encoding of the string. * @return Pointer to the first byte of the character that is `nth` * character ahead of `head`, or `tail` if there is no such * character (OOB etc). The definition of "character" depends on * the passed `enc`. */ char *rb_enc_nth(const char *head, const char *tail, long nth, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Identical to rb_enc_get_index(), except the return type. * * @param[in] obj Object in question. * @exception rb_eTypeError `obj` is incapable of having an encoding. * @return `obj`'s encoding. */ VALUE rb_obj_encoding(VALUE obj); /** * Identical to rb_str_cat(), except it additionally takes an encoding. * * @param[out] str Destination object. * @param[in] ptr Contents to append. * @param[in] len Length of `src`, in bytes. * @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`. * @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative. * @exception rb_eEncCompatError `enc` is not compatible with `str`. * @return The passed `dst`. * @post The contents of `ptr` is copied, transcoded into `dst`'s * encoding, then pasted into `dst`'s end. */ VALUE rb_enc_str_buf_cat(VALUE str, const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Encodes the passed code point into a series of bytes. * * @param[in] code Code point. * @param[in] enc Target encoding scheme. * @exception rb_eRangeError `enc` does not glean `code`. * @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `enc` encoding, whose sole * contents is `code` represented in `enc`. * @note No way to encode code points bigger than UINT_MAX. * * @internal * * In other languages, APIs like this one could be seen as the primitive * routines where encodings' "encode" feature are implemented. However in case * of Ruby this is not the primitive one. We directly manipulate encoded * strings. Encoding conversion routines transcode an encoded string directly * to another one; not via a code point array. */ VALUE rb_enc_uint_chr(unsigned int code, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Identical to rb_external_str_new(), except it additionally takes an * encoding. However the whole point of rb_external_str_new() is to encode a * string into default external encoding. Being able to specify arbitrary * encoding just ruins the designed purpose the function meseems. * * @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length. * @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the * terminating NUL character. * @param[in] enc Target encoding scheme. * @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative. * @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from * "default internal" to `enc` is fully defined over the given * contents, then the return value is a string of `enc` encoding, * whose contents are the converted ones. Otherwise the string is * a junk. * @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in * a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying * `valid_encoding?` of the result object. * * @internal * * @shyouhei has no idea why this one does not follow the naming convention * that others obey. It seems to him that this should have been called * `rb_enc_external_str_new`. */ VALUE rb_external_str_new_with_enc(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Identical to rb_str_export(), except it additionally takes an encoding. * * @param[in] obj Target object. * @param[in] enc Target encoding. * @exception rb_eTypeError No implicit conversion to String. * @return Converted ruby string of `enc` encoding. */ VALUE rb_str_export_to_enc(VALUE obj, rb_encoding *enc); /** * Encoding conversion main routine. * * @param[in] str String to convert. * @param[in] from Source encoding. * @param[in] to Destination encoding. * @return A copy of `str`, with conversion from `from` to `to` applied. * @note `from` can be a null pointer. `str`'s encoding is taken then. * @note `to` can be a null pointer. No-op then. */ VALUE rb_str_conv_enc(VALUE str, rb_encoding *from, rb_encoding *to); /** * Identical to rb_str_conv_enc(), except it additionally takes IO encoder * options. The extra arguments can be constructed using io_extract_modeenc() * etc. * * @param[in] str String to convert. * @param[in] from Source encoding. * @param[in] to Destination encoding. * @param[in] ecflags A set of enum ::ruby_econv_flag_type. * @param[in] ecopts Optional hash. * @return A copy of `str`, with conversion from `from` to `to` applied. * @note `from` can be a null pointer. `str`'s encoding is taken then. * @note `to` can be a null pointer. No-op then. * @note `ecopts` can be ::RUBY_Qnil, which is equivalent to passing an * empty hash. */ VALUE rb_str_conv_enc_opts(VALUE str, rb_encoding *from, rb_encoding *to, int ecflags, VALUE ecopts); /** * Scans the passed string to collect its code range. Because a Ruby's string * is mutable, its contents change from time to time; so does its code range. * A long-lived string tends to fall back to ::RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN. * This API scans it and re-assigns a fine-grained code range constant. * * @param[out] str A string. * @return An enum ::ruby_coderange_type. */ int rb_enc_str_coderange(VALUE str); /** * Scans the passed string until it finds something odd. Returns the number of * bytes scanned. As the name implies this is suitable for repeated call. One * of its application is `IO#readlines`. The method reads from its receiver's * read buffer, maybe more than once, looking for newlines. But "newline" can * be different among encodings. This API is used to detect broken contents to * properly mark them as such. * * @param[in] str String to scan. * @param[in] end End of `str`. * @param[in] enc `str`'s encoding. * @param[out] cr Return buffer. * @return Distance between `str` and first such byte where broken. * @post `cr` has the code range type. */ long rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable(const char *str, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc, int *cr); /** * Queries if the passed string is "ASCII only". An ASCII only string is a * string who doesn't have any non-ASCII characters at all. This doesn't * necessarily mean the string is in ASCII encoding. For instance a String of * CP932 encoding can quite much be ASCII only, depending on its contents. * * @param[in] str String in question. * @retval 1 It doesn't have non-ASCII characters. * @retval 0 It has characters that are out of ASCII. */ int rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(VALUE str); RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(()) /** * Looks for the passed string in the passed buffer. * * @param[in] x Query string. * @param[in] m Number of bytes of `x`. * @param[in] y Buffer that potentially includes `x`. * @param[in] n Number of bytes of `y`. * @param[in] enc Encoding of both `x` and `y`. * @retval -1 Not found. * @retval otherwise Found index in `y`. * @note This API can match at a non-character-boundary. */ long rb_memsearch(const void *x, long m, const void *y, long n, rb_encoding *enc); /** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */ RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(()) static inline VALUE rbimpl_enc_str_new_cstr(const char *str, rb_encoding *enc) { long len = rbimpl_strlen(str); return rb_enc_str_new_static(str, len, enc); } #define rb_enc_str_new(str, len, enc) \ ((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) && \ RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(len) ? \ rb_enc_str_new_static: \ rb_enc_str_new) ((str), (len), (enc))) #define rb_enc_str_new_cstr(str, enc) \ ((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \ rbimpl_enc_str_new_cstr : \ rb_enc_str_new_cstr) ((str), (enc))) /** @endcond */ RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END() #endif /* RUBY_INTERNAL_ENCODING_STRING_H */
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